Différences

Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.

--- composition:texte:symboles:pourquoi_ne_pas_utiliser_bf_et_it [2018/12/03 23:59] – jejust
+++ composition:texte:symboles:pourquoi_ne_pas_utiliser_bf_et_it [2021/01/08 23:05] (Version actuelle) – Suppression de la page désormais déplacée. yannick.tanguy
@@ Ligne 1: / Ligne 1: @@
-====== What's wrong with `\bf`, `\it`, etc.? ======
-The font-selection commands of LaTeX 2.09 were ''\rm'', ''\sf'',
-''\tt'', ''\it'', ''\sl'', ''\em'' and ''\bf''; they were modal
-commands, so you used them as:
-<code latex>
-{\bf Fred} was {\it here\/}.
-</code>
-with the font change enclosed in a group, so as to limit its effect;
-note the italic correction command ''\/'' that was necessary at the
-end of a section in italics.
-At the release of LaTeX2e in summer 1994, these simple commands were
-deprecated, but recognising that their use is deeply embedded in the
-brains of LaTeX users, the commands themselves remain in LaTeX,
-//with their LaTeX 2.09 semantics//.  Those semantics were part of
-the reason they were deprecated: each ''//xx//'' overrides
-any other font settings, keeping only the size.  So, for example,
-<code latex>
-{\bf\it Here we are again\/}
-</code>
-ignores ''\bf'' and produces text in italic, medium weight (and the
-italic correction has a real effect), whereas
-<code latex>
-{\it\bf happy as can be\/}
-</code>
-ignores ''\it'' and produces upright text at bold weight (and the
-italic correction has nothing to do).  The same holds if you mix
-LaTeX2e font selections with the old style commands:
-<code latex>
-\textbf{\tt all good friends}
-</code>
-ignores the ''\textbf'' that encloses the text, and produces
-typewriter text at medium weight.
-So why are these commands deprecated? --- it is because of confusions
-such as that in the last example.  The alternative (LaTeX2e)
-commands are discussed in the rest of this answer.
-LaTeX2e's font commands come in two forms: modal commands and
-text-block commands.  The default set of modal commands offers weights
-''\mdseries'' and ''\bfseries'', shapes ''\upshape'',
-''\itshape'', ''\scshape'' and ''\slshape'', and families
-''\rmfamily'', ''\sffamily'' and ''\ttfamily''.  A font selection
-requires a family, a shape and a series (as well as a size, of
-course).  A few examples
-<code latex>
-{\bfseries\ttfamily and jolly good company!}
-</code>
-produces bold typewriter text (but note the lack of a
-  [[FAQ-bold-extras|bold typewriter font]]
-in the default Computer Modern fonts), or
-<code latex>
-{\slshape\sffamily Never mind the weather\/}
-</code>
-(note the italic correction needed on slanted fonts, too).
-LaTeX2e's text block commands take the first two letters of the
-modal commands, and form a ''\text''//''xx''// command from
-them.  Thus ''\bfseries'' becomes ''\textbf{text}'',
-''\itshape'' becomes ''\textit{text}'', and ''\ttfamily''
-becomes ''\texttt{text}''.  Block commands may be nested, as:
-<code latex>
-\textit{\textbf{Never mind the rain}}
-</code>
-to produce bold italic text (note that the block commands supply
-italic corrections where necessary), and they be nested with the
-LaTeX2e modal commands, too:
-<code latex>
-\texttt{\bfseries So long as we're together}
-</code>
-for bold typewriter, or
-<code latex>
-{\slshape \textbf{Whoops!  she goes again}\/}
-</code>
-for a bold slanted instance of the current family (note the italic
-correction applied at the end of the modal command group, again).
-The new commands (as noted above) override commands of the same type.
-In almost all cases, this merely excludes ludicrous ideas such as
-"upright slanted" fonts, or "teletype roman" fonts.  There are a
-couple of immediate oddities, though.  The first is the conflict
-between ''\itshape'' (or ''\slshape'') and ''\scshape'': while many
-claim that an italic small-caps font is typographically unsound, such
-fonts do exist.  Daniel Taupin's [[ctanpkg>smallcap|smallcap]] package enables
-use of the instances in the [[FAQ-ECfonts|EC fonts]], and
-similar techniques could be brought to bear on many other font sets.
-The second is the conflict between ''\upshape'' and ''\itshape'':
-Knuth actually offers an upright-italic font which LaTeX uses for
-the "Â£" symbol in the default font set.  The combination is
-sufficiently weird that, while there's a defined font shape, no
-default LaTeX commands exist; to use the shape, the (eccentric) user
-needs LaTeX's simplest font selection commands:
-<code latex>
-{\fontshape{ui}\selectfont Tra la la, di dee}
-</code>
------
-//Source:// [[faquk>FAQ-2letterfontcmd|What's wrong with `\bf`, `\it`, etc.?]]
-{{htmlmetatags>metatag-keywords=(LaTeX,usage)
-metatag-og:title=(What's wrong with `\bf`, `\it`, etc.?)
-metatag-og:site_name=(FAQ LaTeX francophone)
-}}