Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
| Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
| composition:flottants:pourquoi_faire_flotter_ses_figures_et_tableaux [2018/12/02 22:30] – jejust | 3_composition:flottants:pourquoi_faire_flotter_ses_figures_et_tableaux [2021/06/13 21:21] (Version actuelle) – Correction de coquilles. jejust | ||
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| Ligne 1: | Ligne 1: | ||
| - | ====== | + | ====== |
| + | Les tables et les figures surprennent souvent, en // | ||
| + | Il s'agit là d'un principe parfaitement ordinaire dans une conception de document : tout logiciel de composition positionnera | ||
| + | les figures et les tableaux là où ils enfreindront le moins possible de règles typographiques. Même si vous utilisez | ||
| + | le spécificateur de placement « '' | ||
| + | si ces règles ne sont pas respectées. Ces règles elles-mêmes sont assez simples et sont listées à la page 198, section C.9 | ||
| + | du manuel < | ||
| + | peuvent entraîner l' | ||
| + | « [[2_programmation: | ||
| - | Tables and figures have a tendency to surprise, by // | + | Ce qui suit est une simple |
| - | away from where they were specified to appear. | + | |
| - | perfectly ordinary document design; any professional typesetting | + | |
| - | package will float figures and tables to where they' | + | |
| - | violating the certain typographic rules. | + | |
| - | placement specifier '' | + | |
| - | will not be | + | |
| - | printed " | + | |
| - | are pretty | + | |
| - | LaTeX manual. | + | |
| - | floating items to pile up to the extent that you get an error message | + | |
| - | saying " | + | |
| - | What follows is a simple checklist of things to do to solve these | + | |
| - | problems (the checklist talks throughout about figures, but applies | + | |
| - | equally well to tables, or to " | + | |
| - | [[ctanpkg> | + | |
| + | ===== Éviter les flottants non nécessaires ===== | ||
| - | - Do your figures need to float at all? If not, look at the | + | La question « [[3_composition:flottants:positionnement:forcer_la_position_d_un_flottant2|Comment imposer un emplacement à un flottant ?]] » illustre des méthodes pour contourner la mécanique de flottement, ce qui peut correspondre à une solution efficace pour des documents courts ou des documents ne nécessitant pas un grand formalisme. |
| - | recommendations for "[[FAQ-figurehere|non-floating floats]]" | + | |
| - | - Are the placement parameters on your figures right? | + | |
| - | default ('' | + | |
| - | reasonably change it (for example, to add an '' | + | |
| - | Whatever you do, // | + | |
| - | omit the '' | + | |
| - | can't have your figure //here//, you don't want it | + | |
| - | // | + | |
| - | this way...) | + | |
| - | - LaTeX' | + | |
| - | placements that seem entirely " | + | |
| - | notoriously rather conservative. | + | |
| - | your figure, you may need to loosen its demands. | + | |
| - | ones are the ratio of text to float on a given page, but it's | + | |
| - | sensible to have a fixed set that changes the whole lot, to meet | + | |
| - | every eventuality.) | + | |
| - | ```latex | + | |
| - | \renewcommand{\topfraction}{.85} | + | |
| - | \renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{.7} | + | |
| - | \renewcommand{\textfraction}{.15} | + | |
| - | \renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{.66} | + | |
| - | \renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{.66} | + | |
| - | \renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{.66} | + | |
| - | \setcounter{topnumber}{9} | + | |
| - | \setcounter{bottomnumber}{9} | + | |
| - | \setcounter{totalnumber}{20} | + | |
| - | \setcounter{dbltopnumber}{9} | + | |
| - | ``` | + | |
| - | The meanings of these | + | |
| - | parameters are described on pages 199--200, section C.9 of the | + | |
| - | LaTeX manual. | + | |
| - | - Are there places in your document where you could " | + | |
| - | put a '' | + | |
| - | cleared after a '' | + | |
| - | command in the standard [[ctanpkg> | + | |
| - | implicitly executes '' | + | |
| - | the end of a chapter.) | + | |
| - | - Try the [[ctanpkg> | + | |
| - | '' | + | |
| - | package option allows you to declare that floats may not pass a | + | |
| - | '' | + | |
| - | you choose. | + | |
| - | - If you are bothered by floats appearing at the top of the page | + | |
| - | (before they are specified in your text), try the [[ctanpkg> | + | |
| - | package, which avoids this problem by insisting that floats should | + | |
| - | always appear after their definition. | + | |
| - | - Have a look at the LaTeX2e [[ctanpkg> | + | |
| - | Its documentation gives as an example the idea | + | |
| - | of putting '' | + | |
| - | will clear the backlog, but not cause an ugly gap in your text), but | + | |
| - | also admits that the package is somewhat fragile. | + | |
| - | resort if the other possibilities below don't help. | + | |
| - | - If you would actually //like// great blocks of floats at the | + | |
| - | end of each of your chapters, try the '' | + | |
| - | or in older LaTeX releases, the [[ctanpkg> | + | |
| - | this allows you to increase the number of floating inserts that LaTeX | + | |
| - | can handle at one time (from its original value of 18 or, now, 52, in | + | |
| - | LaTeX2e). | + | |
| + | ===== Utiliser les bons spécificateurs de placement ===== | ||
| - | Caveat: if you are using [[ctanpkg> | + | La séquence de spécificateurs par défaut, « '' |
| - | registers available on old releases, you need to " | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | ```latex | + | |
| - | \usepackage{etex} | + | |
| - | | + | |
| - | \usepackage{morefloats} | + | |
| - | ``` | + | |
| - | - If you actually | + | |
| - | end (//e.g//., for submitting a draft copy of a paper), don' | + | |
| - | rely on LaTeX' | + | |
| - | the job for you. | + | |
| - | --- | + | ===== Changer les paramètres de gestion des flottants ===== |
| + | Les paramètres de < | ||
| + | | ||
| + | <code latex> | ||
| + | \renewcommand{\topfraction}{.85} | ||
| + | \renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{.7} | ||
| + | \renewcommand{\textfraction}{.15} | ||
| + | \renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{.66} | ||
| + | \renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{.66} | ||
| + | \renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{.66} | ||
| + | \setcounter{topnumber}{9} | ||
| + | \setcounter{bottomnumber}{9} | ||
| + | \setcounter{totalnumber}{20} | ||
| + | \setcounter{dbltopnumber}{9} | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | La signification de ces paramètres est donnée en pages 199 à 200, section C.9 du manuel < | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Utiliser la commande “\clearpage” ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Votre document dispose d' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Utiliser l' | ||
| + | |||
| + | L' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Utiliser l' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Si vous êtes gêné par les flottants apparaissant en haut de la page (avant qu'ils ne soient spécifiés dans votre texte), essayez l' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Utiliser l' | ||
| + | |||
| + | La documentation de l' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Utiliser l' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Si vous souhaitez réellement avoir de larges blocs de flottants à la fin de chacun de vos chapitres, essayez la commande '' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Dans le cas particulier où vous utiliseriez l' | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code latex> | ||
| + | \usepackage{etex} | ||
| + | \reserveinserts{18} | ||
| + | \usepackage{morefloats} | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Utiliser l' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Si vous souhaitez avoir tous vos flottants en fin de document (par exemple pour soumettre une version provisoire d'un article), ne comptez pas sur les mécanismes usuels de < | ||
| + | |||
| + | ----- | ||
| //Source:// [[faquk> | //Source:// [[faquk> | ||
| - | {{htmlmetatags> | + | {{htmlmetatags> |
| - | metatag-og: | + | metatag-og: |
| metatag-og: | metatag-og: | ||
| }} | }} | ||

